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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Конституционное право</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3033-7518</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3033-7518</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/3033-7518-2026-1-21-26</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Конституционно-правовые основы института адвокатуры в странах ЕС (на примере ФРГ и Франции)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Constitutional and legal foundations of the bar institute in EU countries (example of Germany and France)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грудцына</surname><given-names>Людмила Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grudtsina</surname><given-names>Ludmila Yurievna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>ludmilagr@mail.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Doctor of Law, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Professional Retraining of the Moscow Institute of Professional Education named after K.D. Ushinsky, Professor of the Department of Constitutional and International Law of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA Ministry of Justice of Russia)», Honorary Lawyer of Russia, expert of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">доктор юридических наук, профессор, декан факультета профессиональной переподготовки Московского института профессионального образования им. К.Д. Ушинского, профессор кафедры конституционного и международного права ФГБОУ ВО «Всероссийский государственный университет юстиции (РПА Минюста России)», Почетный адвокат России, эксперт РАН, https://ludmilagru.academia.edu/research https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7731-724X</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-21"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-06"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-21"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="konstitutsionno-pravovye-osnovy-instituta-advokatury-v-stranah-es-na-primere-frg-i-21-26.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье исследуются конституционно-правовые основы института адвокатуры в государствах Европейского Союза на примере Федеративной Республики Германия и Французской Республики. Обосновывается, что в обеих правовых системах адвокатура представляет собой не просто профессиональную корпорацию частноправового характера, а публично значимый институт, обеспечивающий реализацию права на защиту, доступ к правосудию, состязательность процесса и эффективность судебной защиты. Показано, что в ФРГ конституционный статус адвокатуры формируется через совокупность положений Основного закона о свободе профессии, праве на судебную защиту, правовом государстве и гарантиях справедливого судебного разбирательства, тогда как во Франции соответствующий статус выводится из статьи 16 Декларации прав человека и гражданина 1789 г., принципа разделения властей, конституционной гарантии прав и независимости судебной власти.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The article examines the constitutional and legal foundations of the institution of the bar in the states of the European Union on the example of the Federal Republic of Germany and the French Republic. It is justified that in both legal systems, the bar is not just a professional corporation of a private law nature, but a publicly significant institution that ensures the realization of the right to defense, access to justice, adversarial process and the effectiveness of judicial protection. It is shown that in Germany the constitutional status of the bar is formed through the totality of the provisions of the Basic Law on freedom of profession, the right to judicial protection, the rule of law and guarantees of a fair trial, while in France the corresponding status is derived from article 16 of the Declaration of Human and Civil Rights of 1789, the principle of separation of powers, constitutional guarantee of rights and independence of the judiciary.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>адвокатура</kwd><kwd>адвокат</kwd><kwd>право на защиту</kwd><kwd>доступ к правосудию</kwd><kwd>правовое государство</kwd><kwd>конституционные гарантии</kwd><kwd>ФРГ</kwd><kwd>Франция</kwd><kwd>Европейский Союз</kwd><kwd>независимость адвоката</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>advocacy</kwd><kwd>attorney</kwd><kwd>the right to protection</kwd><kwd>access to justice</kwd><kwd>the rule of law</kwd><kwd>constitutional safeguards</kwd><kwd>Germany</kwd><kwd>France</kwd><kwd>the European Union</kwd><kwd>independence of counsel</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Основной закон Федеративной Республики Германия от 23 мая 1949 г. // Gesetze im Internet: офиц. ресурс федерального законодательства ФРГ. 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