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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Конституционное право</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">3033-7518</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3033-7518</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/3033-7518-2026-1-14-20</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Конституционно-правовые основы институтов гражданского общества в России и Китае: сравнительно-правовой анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Constitutional and legal foundations of civil society institutions in Russia and China: comparative legal analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булаков</surname><given-names>Олег Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulakov</surname><given-names>Oleg Nikolaevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>bulakov62@yandex.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Doctor of Law, Professor, Professor, Department of Public Authority and Legal Status of the Individual, Institute of Law, Russian State University for the Humanities (RSUH), Moscow, Russia</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">доктор юридических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры публичной власти и правового положения личности, Институт Правоведения Российского государственного гуманитарного университета (РГГУ), Москва, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-21"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-04-01"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-21"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="konstitutsionno-pravovye-osnovy-institutov-grazhdanskogo-obshchestva-v-rossii-i-kitae-14-20.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье проводится сравнительно-правовой анализ конституционно-правовых основ институтов гражданского общества в Российской Федерации и Китайской Народной Республике. Обосновывается, что при внешнем сходстве отдельных юридических механизмов участия населения в публичной жизни российская и китайская модели исходят из различных конституционных матриц. Российская модель строится преимущественно на принципах идеологического и политического плюрализма, свободы объединений, местного самоуправления, права на обращения и участия граждан в управлении делами государства. Китайская модель опирается на конституционные конструкции народовластия, руководящей роли Коммунистической партии Китая, системы единого патриотического фронта, политических консультаций, а также первичного самоуправления на уровне комитетов городских жителей и сельских жителей. Делается вывод, что в России институты гражданского общества конституируются прежде всего как автономная по отношению к государству сфера самоорганизации, тогда как в Китае — как включенная в государственно-общественную систему и функционально ориентированная на цели социального управления и политической координации.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the constitutional and legal foundations of civil society institutions in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. It is justified that with the external similarity of the individual legal mechanisms of population participation in public life, the Russian and Chinese models proceed from different constitutional matrices. The Russian model is based mainly on the principles of ideological and political pluralism, freedom of association, local self-government, the right to appeal and the participation of citizens in the management of state affairs. The Chinese model relies on the constitutional constructions of democracy, the leading role of the Chinese Communist Party, the system of a united patriotic front, political consultations, as well as primary self-government at the committee level of urban residents and rural residents. It is concluded that in Russia the institutions of civil society are constituted primarily as an autonomous sphere of self-organization in relation to the state, while in China - as included in the state-public system and functionally oriented towards the goals of social management and political coordination.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гражданское общество</kwd><kwd>Конституция РФ</kwd><kwd>Конституция КНР</kwd><kwd>общественные объединения</kwd><kwd>некоммерческие организации</kwd><kwd>политические партии</kwd><kwd>местное самоуправление</kwd><kwd>первичное самоуправление</kwd><kwd>публичное участие</kwd><kwd>сравнительное правоведение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>civil society</kwd><kwd>Constitution of the Russian Federation</kwd><kwd>Constitution of the PRC</kwd><kwd>public associations</kwd><kwd>non-profit organizations</kwd><kwd>political parties</kwd><kwd>local self-government</kwd><kwd>primary self-government</kwd><kwd>public participation</kwd><kwd>comparative jurisprudence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Конституция Российской Федерации: принята всенародным голосованием 12 декабря 1993 г. 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